Writings of a would-be smallholder in rural Monmouthshire....

Ancient David Brown Tractor, Ben - Head of Sales!, The Great Oak, Monmouthshire Tymawr Farm

Ancient David Brown Tractor, Ben - Head of Sales!, The Great Oak, Monmouthshire Tymawr Farm

Wednesday, 27 June 2012

Vision # 3: “Big-Farmer”

A large arable or livestock farm in this country can still look passably ‘green’ and even ‘pleasant’ from the outside.  I was reflecting on this and started to wonder what they would look like if their whole supply chain could be transplanted to the farm location.  The minerals and chemicals which ‘Big-Farmer’ (!*) uses to induce their poor soil to continue to produce would require a laboratory, chemical processing plant and a mine to provide their raw materials.  The tractors and other vehicles would require an assembly factory, and sub-factories probably to machine, heat-treat and paint.  Foundries, iron and aluminium smelting furnaces, and another open-cast mine to rip the ore from the ground would be needed to provide the materials to make the tractor parts.  The supermarket which feeds on the farm would take up 3 acres with steel, glass and concrete, the last two materials would add further giant factories, furnaces and mines.  The electricity used on the farm, and by its suppliers is most likely to be generated by coal or gas, which would require a power station, in turn these would require mines or rigs.  The oil or gas used to provide heat for farm and it’s suppliers would require an oil / gas rig (and an unusual mid-sea location, but there has to be a limit to the exercise!) constructed from energy-dense materials.  The numerous intermediaries, middle-men, and other parasites involved would require smart showrooms, offices and executive cars in order to sell the chemicals, machines and ‘utilities’ to the farm.

Suddenly the superficial view of a ‘green and pleasant’ pastoral business is replaced by the reality, a small commodity-production element, surrounded by vast, energy hungry industries, dependent on finite resources!

Taking this view, is ‘Self-Abundance’ really feasible, or is that a sham too?  Would we create a wonderful ‘shop-window’ in effect, but hide our dirty secrets far away in industrial areas where it’s hard for our customers to rationalise their connection to us?

Monday, 18 June 2012

Pigs # 11: Only 1 week to go!

Just got back from talking to Richard & James at Morris Free Range Meats & Horticulture in Coedypaen, and they can take the pigs to NS James (www.NSJames.co.uk) in Raglan on Monday to be 'processed'.  Looking forward to seeing and tasting the results of course, just writing out a draft of the letter to tell them what we want done with the meat (chops, sausages, joints etc.).  On the other hand a little sad to see them go too.  They are absolutely wonderful animals, I've been really surprised by their friendliness, intelligence and personality!  Totally different to sheep for example, much more sociable.  Another thing which is lovely, is that they use their straw 'duvet' style and actually cover themselves up completely with it - I've put it much more clumsily than William Cobbett, a wonderful author who said of pigs 'You will see them, if they have the means, cover themselves over for the night.  This is what is done by neither horse, cow, sheep, dog or cat....Their sagacity in providing against cold in the night, when they have it in their power to make such a provision, is quite wonderful.'  [William Cobbett, Cottage Economy, http://www.amazon.co.uk/Cottage-Economy-Paperbacks-William-Cobbett/dp/019281270X/ref=sr_1_fkmr1_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1340054558&sr=1-1-fkmr1 - if you can, get the edition with a preface by GK Chesterton). 

I think they've had a lovely life with us, they've certainly expressed their natural instincts - rooting, scratching and escaping!  I'm really glad we've decided to keep them together 'til the end'. 

Next step: Get some more!

Wednesday, 13 June 2012

Chickens # 5: The New Home of the Tymawr Farm Flock!

Old Hen House in Monmouthshire Smallholding
Lots of TLC and disinfectant required first of all though!  As well as a new roof and a going over with some wood preservative.  However, it is massive, intact, and has some sturdy wheels (may have to be towed behind the Polo, which is my substitute tractor for now!), I love a project!

Saturday, 9 June 2012

The Land #1 - The Permanent Pasture

The permanent pasture at Tymawr Farm in June 2012 is composed of several species:

Nettles in Monmouthshire smallholding Tymawr Farm
Nettles

Thistles in Tymawr Farm Monmouthshire Smallholding
Thistles
Docks in Monmouthshire smallholding
Docks (Giant Variety!)
Buttercups in Monmouthshire smallholding
Buttercups
We also have a cracking crop of ferns in one field!
I'm sure I've seen grass in places, and also some red clover, so maybe all is not lost. Having said that, I'm afraid that turning this into the perfect pasture I dream about is going to be a life's work!
Another feature which needs to be addressed is drainage I think - this photo was taken towards the end of a dry day after a wet night - not good!  I've read about 'mole drainers' and 'sub-soilers' but think I need some professional advice and a holistic plan that we can work on in a phased way over several years.
Poor drainage in Monmouthshire smallholding
The drainage!
Firewood # 3 - Stream-bed Attrition

The very heavy rain we've been having over the last few weeks has brought with it some great opportunities for character building, including feeding pigs by torchlight in the pouring rain and trying to clean mud off my trousers in the loos at work after rushing in one day, but it has also had some positives too!

The brook is full of water, which looks great, and is sadly a fairly rare occurrence, although I have big plans for trying to clear it out, and one day creating a dam and a pond, filled with delicious crayfish!
Hawthorn tree Tymawr Farm Monmouthshire smallholding
One good opportunity it has provided is a great addition to the Tymawr log pile in the form of this Hawthorn tree.  There are lots and lots of trees right on the edge of the brook, each year having more of the soil around their roots washed away.  The recent heavy rain finally did for the last particle of Monmouthshire clay anchoring the roots of this particular tree, and it fell yesterday.  It has made me wonder how long the rest of the trees are likely to remain upright - a little Hawthorn is one thing, but a hundred year old Welsh Oak might cause some more serious problems!  I'll have to warn the sheep and alpacas to be on their guard, to keep their wits about them and to practice sprinting!

Incidentally, I haven't come across many Hawthorns which could be classed as 'Trees' and had thought of them really as a bush used for hedging.  It may be that at some point in history this tree was part of a hedge, but today it is easily twenty five feet tall (actually more correctly 'long' now!), with the largest trunk being about four inches in diameter!  Tymawr farm is certainly a great place for tree growing!  It gives me confidence that the Cider Orchard will be a success!
Pigs # 10 - Weigh In

Friday night results - back on track after a bit of a wobble last week!  The pigs are looking great, although I must admit that they are finally starting to smell like pigs!
Week commencing Small Feed (g) Big Feed (g) Total Feed (g) Small Weight (kg) Big Weight (kg) Small Weight (kg) Big Weight (kg)
27.04.2012 1520 2256 3776 33.1 49.1 33.0 49.0
04.05.2012 1691 2461 4152 36.8 53.6 36.8 55.2
11.05.2012 1871 2675 4546 40.7 58.2 41.9 58.5
18.05.2012 2059 2896 4956 44.8 63.1 44.20 63.30
25.05.2012 2256 3126 5382 49.1 68.1 48.26 66.89
01.06.2012 2461 3126 5587 53.6 73.3 51.23 76.05
08.06.2012 2675 3126 5800 58.2 78.6 58.4679.50
15.06.2012 2896 3126 6022 63.1 84.1
22.06.2012 3126 x 3126 68.1 x x
29.06.2012 3126 x 3126 73.3 x x
06.07.2012 3126 x 3126 78.6 x x
13.07.2012 3126 x 3126 84.1 x x

Tuesday, 5 June 2012

Cider # 3 - Blossom development!

It seems amazing that only a few weeks ago I was posting photos of apple blossom - I've had to use the flash to take these so they're a bit bright, but you get the idea!
Apples Developing Tymawr Farm Monmouthshire smallholding

Looking good so far, can't wait to see these fully developed, fermented and in a pint glass!
Charcuterie # 1 - For want of a better description!

I was given the brilliant 'Home Smoking and Curing' by Keith Erlandson as a present (http://www.amazon.co.uk/Home-Smoking-Curing-Keith-Erlandson/dp/0091927609/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1338928839&sr=8-1), and would really like to put it into practice on some of our pig-meat.  We both love smokey bacon, and I have been really fortunate to discover a smashing 4 drawer filing cabinet in one of the outbuildings:
This will be the basis of my cold-smoker, there are several articles on the 'net about this type of smoker, of which this is one (http://www.downsizer.net/Articles/Cooking,_preserving_and_home_brewing/Filing_Cabinet_Hot%10Cold_smoker/).  I think Erlandson's basic method of using a gas-ring below a hot-plate is better than the charcoal idea above, but we'll have to see 'on the day'.  In terms of sawdust for smoking, on Tymawr Farm we have Oak, Ash, Wild Cherry, Eucalyptus, Beech, Birch, Apple, Poplar, Hazel and I'm sure many more.

Erlandson's advice is that 'Oak is traditional, but beech, ash, elm, sycamore and hickory are all perfectly suitable, or any mixture of these.' [ISBN 978-0-09-192760-8, page 27], so it seems sensible to start with Oak, although I think that Cherry and Apple sound quite appetising, so once we've got a bit of experience I think we should experiment with those.
Cider # 2 - Stone Age!

We have often thought of these stones as slightly dubious garden 'ornaments', especially with a toddler (soon to be two toddlers I think if Kate keeps up with her kicky-leg exercises!).  I had also thought that they were something to do with the milling of flour, and wondered how and why they had ended up in an area traditionally more known for permanent pasture than wheat growing.


However, a recent visit to the brilliant and eclectic Usk Museum of Rural Life (www.uskmuseum.org/) showed me the fantastic truth!  They are the two parts of the apple-juicing process.  I was very stupid on our visit to the museum and forgot to take any photos.  However, the first photo above is an apple-crusher, a device to make the 'pomace' or crushed apple needed for subsequent pressing.  I found the photo below:

On the Leominster Reclamation & Architectural Salvage website (www.leorec.co.uk/cidermills_mill_stones.htm).  It shows the two stones as they would have been assembled, with the woodwork.  This kind of pomace mill would have been driven by a donkey, horse or Ox I guess.

I haven't been able to find a photo for the second stone, but basically it is the base of a conventional screw-press.  Two large wooden uprights would have been placed either side, a large cross-member and then single or possible double screw assembly would have been used to apply the pressure to extract the apple juice.

My aim of course now, is to use these stones as a major part of the Tymawr Farm cider enterprise!  The current plan is two acres of traditional Monmouthshire cider apple trees, a simple shed, probably of 'modern' construction located within the orchard, and the stones located inside.  I need to think about the right way to re-activate these mechanisms, my current ideas are for a hydraulically operated 'bottle-jack' type mechanism for the press itself (much like a larger version of my current prototype, see Cider #1), and either a 2 stroke or possibly even human-powered mechanism for the pomace-maker.

Friday, 1 June 2012

Vision # 2 - "Self-Abundance"

I've been thinking about the term 'self-sufficiency' this week - its a term that I sometimes use unthinkingly when talking about what we'd like to achieve here.  When I start to analyse the term I can't help but think that its actually a pretty inadequate description.  'Sufficiency', in modern language at least has a connotation of 'just enough', or 'adequate', almost a synonym for 'subsistence'.  What I'd like to achieve is vastly different - I really like Joel Salatin's (www.Polyfacefarm.com) vision of  “making a white collar salary from a pleasant life in the country.”

A better term than 'self-sufficiency' for what I'd like to do here is 'self-abundance' - to have a modern, generous lifestyle, but one focussed on the land.  It would be great to achieve this through a business which has principles, and whose purpose it is to sustain and nourish my family, and to persist long enough to transfer into their hands when they are old enough.

I sometimes buy The Farmer's Guardian (www.farmersguardian.com/) which I find interesting, admittedly mostly for the machinery classified ads (!), but it also gives a really interesting insight into the viewpoint of the professional farmer.  The more I think about it the whole concept of the 'Farming Industry' (meaning the industry which produces the basic commodities of food - grain, pigs, milk, turnips and a thousand other things) is hopelessly out of date.  When one considers the whole value-chain, taking the example of wheat, from seed to sandwich, with the 20 or so intermediaries, each earning their (probably desperately small) margin, growing bigger and bigger in order to cut their per-unit costs, whilst still producing something which can still legally be classified as 'food', its no wonder that it seems no-one makes any money without being subsidised by Europe!

With a little enterprise like ours, with small amounts of capital and land, the only way to go ahead is to differentiate ourselves from the supermarkets by selling quality, to add value by vertically integrating, to try to disintermediate by (ideally) selling direct to the consumer, and finally to cut our costs by operating in a resourceful, innovative way.  I'd like to reflect on how the 5 'Lean Principles' ( see the classic book 'Lean Thinking' www.amazon.co.uk/Lean-Thinking-Banish-Create-Corporation/dp/0743231643/ref=sr_1_1?ie=UTF8&qid=1338925821&sr=8-1) might be of use to us here:
  1. Specify value from the standpoint of the end customer by product family.
  2. Identify all the steps in the value stream for each product family, eliminating whenever possible those steps that do not create value.
  3. Make the value-creating steps occur in tight sequence so the product will flow smoothly toward the customer.
  4. As flow is introduced, let customers pull value from the next upstream activity.
  5. As value is specified, value streams are identified, wasted steps are removed, and flow and pull are introduced, begin the process again and continue it until a state of perfection is reached in which perfect value is created with no waste.
[From: http://www.lean.org/whatslean/principles.cfm accessed on 5th June 2012]

Immediately steps 1, 2 and 4 start to resonate!  What consumer really specifies value as 'the cheapest radish which can legally be classified as such, regardless of taste'?!  (Actually I guess the classic example of this kind of behaviour is the supermarket tomato - it looks like a tomato, but tastes of nothing!).  The truth is that we all prioritise TIME and convenience, at the expense of taste and animal welfare, and I think that is precisely the puzzle which Tymawr Farm will have to try to solve.

I've already listed some business / farming principles which summarise how I'd like to manage the smallholding in Vision #1, and I think they really complement the 'self-abundance' concept and the ideas above.
Pigs # 9 - Friday Weigh In

Another good week - starting to get a little bit of deviation from the curves - would be interesting to have a 'proper' weighing scales to see how well the tape measure method correlates. Unfortunately on this occasion I think we'll only have 2 measurements when we can directly correlate - the weight when we bought them, and the weight when they go to the abbatoir.

Week commencingSmall Feed (g)Big Feed (g)Total Feed (g)Small Weight (kg)Big Weight (kg)Small Weight (kg)Big Weight (kg)
27.04.201215202256377633.149.133.049.0
04.05.201216912461415236.853.636.855.2
11.05.201218712675454640.758.241.958.5
18.05.201220592896495644.863.144.2063.30
25.05.201222563126538249.168.148.2666.89
01.06.201224613126558753.673.351.2376.05
08.06.201226753126580058.278.6
15.06.201228963126602263.184.1
22.06.20123126x312668.1xx
29.06.20123126x312673.3xx
06.07.20123126x312678.6xx
13.07.20123126x312684.1xx